Build a Paper Bridge
Design and construct a paper bridge strong enough to hold coins — exploring load, tension, and structural design.
Learning objectives
- Apply the engineering design process: plan, build, test, improve
- Understand how shape and folding affect structural strength
- Measure and compare load-bearing capacity across designs
- Collaborate and communicate design decisions with a partner
Step-by-step instructions
- 1
Introduce the challenge
Tell students they must build a bridge using only paper and tape that spans a 15 cm gap and holds as many coins as possible. Show examples of real bridge shapes (arch, beam, truss).
- 2
Plan your design
Students sketch their bridge design on the planning worksheet. They should label the parts and explain why they chose their shape. Allow 10 minutes for planning.
- 3
Build the bridge
Groups build their bridge using their design. Remind them they can fold, roll, or layer paper to add strength. Allow 20 minutes for construction.
- 4
Test with coins
Place the bridge across the two supports. Add coins one at a time to the center. Count how many coins the bridge holds before it bends or collapses. Record the result.
- 5
Improve and retest
Based on results, students identify one change to strengthen their bridge. They rebuild or modify and test again. Compare before and after results.
- 6
Share and reflect
Each group shares their design, results, and what they changed. Discuss: Which shapes were strongest? Why does folding paper make it stronger?
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